Back in December 2020, CD Projekt Red released Cyberpunk 2077. The game allowed players to create a character of their own design and then live a life of crime in the late 21st Century metropolis of Night City, California. After an infamously rocky launch, the game was rescued through updates and a well-received expansion, and has since expanded to include a spin-off TV show, graphic novels, art books and board games.
But did you know that the game and its attendant merchandise is merely the latest part of a franchise which is more than thirty-five years old? If you don’t know your rockerboys from your Arasaka corporate suits from your netrunners, a franchise familiariser may be helpful.
Note: this is an update of an article previously published in 2020.
The Basics
Cyberpunk is a science fiction franchise created by writer and games designer Mike Pondsmith, originally published by his company, R. Talsorian Games, in 1988. Pondsmith named the game after
the science fiction subgenre of the same name, which in turn was named after a 1983 short story written by Bruce Bethke. This story was actually published somewhat late in the development of the genre, as several previous works had been important in establishing it, particularly Philip K. Dick’s 1968 novel
Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? and John Brunner’s 1975 book
The Shockwave Rider, as well as the 1982 movie
Blade Runner, loosely based on Dick’s novel.
Pondsmith and his fellow designers have cited Walter Jon Williams’ 1986 novel
Hardwired as being extremely influential on the design of the game, along with Dick and Blade Runner (William Gibson’s 1984 novel
Neuromancer, often arguably cited as cyberpunk’s codifying moment, was not read until later in the game’s development).
To make it clearer that the reader is not speaking about the short story or genre, it’s common for fans to refer to
Cyberpunk by one of its edition subtitles:
Cyberpunk 2013,
Cyberpunk 2020,
Cyberpunk v3.0 or
Cyberpunk Red.
Each of the four editions of the game is set in a different decade and reflects the passage of time in the
Cyberpunk universe. The original
Cyberpunk (1988), now almost always referred to as
Cyberpunk 2013, is set in that year and depicts a near-future dystopia where corporations have become as powerful as governments and fight one another for supremacy and where takeovers are more literally hostile than you might expect. The game is predominantly set in Night City, a custom-designed and built metropolis on the coast of Morro Bay, California, roughly halfway between Los Angeles and San Francisco, and sees players taking on roles such as mercenaries, corporate players, police officers and netrunners, as hackers are known in this world.
Cyberpunk 2020 is the second and most popular and well-known iteration of the game, to the point that “
Cyberpunk 2020” is often used to refer to the entire franchise. It was originally published in 1990 and remained continuously in print for fifteen years, accumulating a vast array of supporting supplements and adventures. The game’s rule system, Interlock, was highly praised for being customisable and allowing players to much finely adjust their character’s development through skills rather than being tied into much broader levels (the approach favoured by the medium’s heavyweight game,
Dungeons and Dragons, for which Pondsmith had worked on some sourcebooks). The setting was also praised for its attitude and punk ethos.
After experimenting with a spin-off project revolving around young characters who get superhero-like powers from technology,
CyberGeneration, the game returned properly in 2005 with
Cyberpunk v3.0. The game switched to the Fuzion system, advanced the timeline to the mid-2030s and also adopted a transhuman approach, with much more sophisticated SF ideas such as humans downloading their consciousness into robotic bodies and thus becoming immortal. The setting also dropped some of the aesthetics of the original setting, Pondsmith reasoning that fashion and styles would move on. However, despite some praise for trying to move past cyberpunk clichés and explore more advanced ideas, the game had some negative feedback for exactly the same reason, as well as the change in rules.
Cyberpunk Red (2020) tacitly omits v3.0 from the canon and instead serves as a direct sequel to
Cyberpunk 2020, with the timeline now advanced to the 2040s but the old cyberpunk styles and ideas are still very much around. The newest edition of the game also acts as a prequel to
Cyberpunk 2077 (the tabletop game and the video game developed in tandem), with Pondsmith confirming that a
Cyberpunk 2077 sourcebook updating the
Cyberpunk Red timeline and rules to 2077 will follow.
As well as the tabletop roleplaying game and the video game, the franchise consists of tie-in novels and graphic novels, several board games, the first edition of the popular
Netrunner collectible card game and the
Cyberpunk: Arasaka Plot mobile game.
In September 2022, CD Projekt Red collaborated with Mike Pondsmith, Netflix and the Japanese animation studio Trigger to release Cyberpunk: Edgerunners, a 10-episode animated TV series set about a year before the game. The show received critical acclaim, and was credited with spurring fresh interest in both the video game and tabletop roleplaying game. The former was updated with a tie-in mission exploring the fate of some of the characters from the show, whilst the latter received a new introductory boxed set based on the TV series. In December 2023, the franchise received a further boost in popularity due to the release of Cyberpunk 2077: Phantom Liberty, a sizeable expansion to the video game.
Future projects are in development. A second
Cyberpunk animated show is in the planning stages, whilst a live-action television series has also been proposed. A full sequel to
Cyberpunk 2077, codenamed Project Orion, is also in development. The
Cyberpunk Red tabletop roleplaying game is also expanding, with a new setting based in the 2077 time period of the video game expected to launch in 2025, alongside the
Night City sourcebook.